Pin and cylinder lock



R. vF. cRousoRE PIN AND CYLINDER Loox A May 19, 1942.

mvENToR r I n 1 l i a 1 f Y IIHull Patented May 19, 1942 PIN AND CYLINDER Lock Ralph Paul Crousore,rlndi'anapolis, Ind. Application JuneZ'l, 1940, Serial No. 342,609

10 Claims. (C

This invention relates to a pin and cylinder lock.

The chief object of this invention is to pro- Y vide a lock of this general type by constructing the same of a minimum number of parts andl these of relatively simple construction.

The chief `feature of this invention resides in the grooved and cooperating character of certain standard or special lock parts whereby a substantially pick-proof lock is provided.

Other objects and features of the invention will be set forth more fully hereinafter.

The full nature of the invention will be understood from the accompanying drawing, and the following description and claims.

In the drawing,

Fig. l is a vertical section (enlarged) through one embodiment of the invention, the driver and tumbler being shown in elevation and with the latter in locking position.

Fig. 2 is a similar view with the former in locking position.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the tumbler.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the driver.

Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 2 and in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 6 is 4a similar View taken on line 6-6 -of Fig. 1 and in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 7 is a View similar to Fig. 2 and of va modied form of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a perspective View of the tumbler shown in Fig. '7.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the-driver shown in Fig. 7. v

Fig. 10 is a transverse section taken on line Ill- I0 of Fig. '7 and in the direction of the arrows.

This invention relates to a key operable lock of pin and cylinder type wherein there .is included a sleeve or cylinder, a key rotatable and receiving barrel carrying a plurality of radially Vreciprocable tumblers, each key movable, and a corresponding number of reciprocable drivers carried by an extension or housing on the cylinder or sleeve and normally constrained toward barrel reception for locking purposes. In this type of lock there are usually four o more sets of tumblers and drivers aligned longitudinally. One of these sets may be of blank character as is well understood in the art. Also, as is well understood in the art the tumblers have different lengths. When the proper key is inserted in the key slot of the barrel, each tumbler is projected outwardly so that the outer ends are coplanar, as it were, and the same registers with the barrel surface, whereby upon,

proper key insertion the barrel may be rotated. The barrel connection to a locking element,

'such as a locking bolt, may be of any desired conventional character and is well understood in this lock art. When the barrel is rotated by the proper key, the several tumblers and drivers are slidably disassociated and the respective drivers ride the barrel and do not interlock therewith.

When the key is withdrawn from the barrel, the repective tumblers and drivers are longitudinally aligned with respect to the longitudinal axis of the barrel and the members of each set are coaxially aligned so that, upon key withdrawal, under the constraint provided, the several tumblers and drivers are caused tomove axially so that the drivers seat in the tumbler receiving portions of the barrel and interlock therewith, thus preventing lock release.

In the drawing, in view of the foregoing description which broadly sets forth locks of this general type and which are common in the lock industry, there has been intentionally omitted any showing of a plurality of sets of drivers and tumblers, the locking means proper and its association with the barrel, inasmuch as the invention isdirected to the interlocking relationship between the cylinder or sleeve and the tumblers, and the drivers and the barrel.

This interlocking relationship is of dual character in that either the tumblers or the drivers may interlock with the associated part and, unless the proper key is utilized, will interlock when an attempt is made to rotate the barrel in either direction relative to the sleeve or cylinder by an improper key.

Reference will now be had to Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive. In Figs. 1 and 2,- III indicates a conventional representation of a sleeve or cylinder structure, I I a cylindrical barrelI rotatable therein and including a key receiving slot I3 rextendingA longitudinally of the barrel. The barrel is rotatably mounted in the sleeve or cylinder I0 and is prevented against axial relative movement thereinby suitable locking means, not shown, but which are conventional to locks of the previously described general character.

Indicated by I4 is an extension or housing on the cylinder and the same is provided with a plurality of substantially parallel guideways or arrangements, only one of which is shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 6.

Herein, said guideway is shown as including cylindrical bore portion I5 and slidably mounted therein is the driver I6. This driver IB is ,in

general cylindrical in character and is provided with two diametrically arranged and oppositely directed vane or wing portions I1. These vane or wing portions II slide in opposite and parallel grooves I8 formed in the bore I5. A spring I9 normally bears against the face Ilia, of the driver I6. The opposite end of the spring bears against a closure plate 20 seated in the groove 2I formed in the open end of the bore I5 and in the portion of the housing or extension I4 remote from the communication of the bore I5 with the cylindrical opening in the sleeve I0.

The barrel II which fully occupies the cylindrical opening in the sleeve I is similarly provided with longitudinally aligned radially directed guide constructions in the form of bore portions 22 which communicate at their lower ends with the key slot I3. These bore portions each terminate in a shoulder arrangement 23 and a central hemispherical recess 24. Each of these kbores is provided with oppositely directed diametrically arranged enlargements 25 forming coplanar grooves at opposite sides of the bore 22. Slidably supported in each one of the guide structures 22 is a tumbler shown in Figs. 3 and 5. This tumbler is indicated by the numeral 26 and includes a projecting hemispherical tip portion 2'I. There is provided a pair of oppositely directed vanes or wings 28, the same having vcoplanar alignment and being receivable by the grooves 25.

As shown in Fig. 1, the tumbler 26, when an improper larger key is inserted, is elevated so that its upper end 26a projects into the bore I5 at its inner end and thus locks the barrel to the cylinder. In normal operation, when there is no key in the barrel, .each of the tumblers 25 seats in their respective bores and in the lower end thereof substantially as shown in Fig. 2 and under the influence of spring I9 each of the drivers extends into the bore 22 of the barrel and serves to lock the barrel to the cylinder. In either event, the barrelis prevented against rotation and, therefore, the locking element associated with the barrel is retained in locking position.

As is well understood in the art, a structure of this general character is pickable. The present .invention is arranged to prevent such operation.

The means for preventing such operation is as follows:

Adjacent the communication between the bore I and the cylindrical chamber receiving the bar.. rel, see Fig. 1, there is provided, at opposite sides and in alignment with the grooving I8, the recesses 29. The tumbler is complementarily recessed as at 30 and the wing construction 28 at the outermost end is reduced as at 28a. The barrel is provided with lateral enlargements of the groove arrangements 25 as indicated at 3| `and the drivers are recessed or notched as at 32.

The barrel receiving end thereof is reduced as at I'Ia.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, when an improper key is inserted, the tumbler 25 is improperly prorected. Accordingly, one of the portions 28a thereof will, when'rotation of the barrel is attempted through the key operation, seat in the groove enlargement 29 and thus picking of the lock is prevented.

Similarly, see Fig. 2, when it is endeavored to operate the lock without key insertion, the driver I6 will have its reduced portions I'Ia seat in the groove enlargement 3I of the barrel bore. Since these enlargements are diametrically positioned, attempted rotation of the barrel in either direction under either circumstance is prevented.

In other Words, barrel rotation can only be effected when the proper key is inserted and each of the drivers and tumblers is neutrally positioned. lThis neutral position is that wherein the confronting surfaces of the tumbler and driver substantially registers with the throat of the bore I5, and the barrel is positioned so that the throat of the bore thereof also registers therewith. Then, and then only, can the barrel be rotated for unlocking purposes. The diametrical wing arrangement is provided for location purposes and retention of the tumblers and drivers in proper alignment.

. Reference will now be had to Figs. 7 to 10 inelusive. simpler form of the invention. It is simpler to the following extent: The several bores and the several drivers and tumblers are substantially circular in cross-section. The two oppositely disposed locking groove arrangements in the vbarrel and in the cylinder and designated herein by the numerals |3I and |29 respectively are shown as segmental enlargements. They may, if desired, be Acompletely circular in character, although When so constructed there is a disadvantage inherent in that construction.

It will be `observed that in this embodiment of the invention, the corresponding parts are designated by numerals similar to those previously employed to designate corresponding parts in the grst embodiment of the invention and increased In this form of the invention, also, the tumblers and drivers, as stated, are of circular crosssection and, therefore, are free to rotate upon their longitudinal axes under vibration and the like, but this does not affect the operation of the invention. This possible rotation of drivers and tumblers is, .of course, impossible in the embodiment rst described. Various edges of the tumblers and drivers may be suitably relieved by chamfering and the like.

It will be noted that in each case there is provided a shoulder adjacent the so-called locking groove |29 and I3I and these shoulders are designated by the corresponding numerals and the subscript a. By reason of such shoulder portions, it is apparent that the drivers and tumblers must be relieved to accommodate the same and such relief is indicated by numerals 32 and 30 in Figs. 4 and 3 for the drivers and tumblers respectively and by the correspondingly increased numerals in Figs. 9 and 8 respectively.

The interlock, therefore, is not only effected by the seating of the tongue portion as it were, on the reciprocal member, in the groove enlargement of the bore but, also, the seating of the shoulder portion into the reduced portion of the reciprocable member and this lock is of positive character.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in great detail in the foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative andnot restrictive incharacter.

The several modifications described herein, as well as others which will readily suggest themselves to persons skilled in this art, are all considered to be within the broad scope of the appended claims.

The invention claimed is:

1. In a lock having a cylinder and a barrel rotatable therein and a housing on the cylinder,

In these figures there is illustrated a l the same having bores therein, which communicate when aligned, the combination of a driver in the housing and cylinder bore, a key operable tumbler in the barrel bore, a positive shoulder construction at the barrel end of the housing bore and a positive shoulder construction at the cylinder end of the barrel bore, said positive shoulder constructions being formed at the end of said bores by enlargement of the bores im- Y mediately adjacent the shoulder end of the bores,

the driver and tumbler being normally constrained toward barrel bore seating, the driver adjacent the tumbler end being recessed for barrel shoulder construction positive seating and the tumbler adjacent the driver end being recessed for the housing shoulder construction positive seating.

2. In a lock having a cylinder with a barrel therein and a housing extension, each including a bore, a tumbler member radially reciprocable in the barrel bore, a driver member longitudinally reciprocable in the cylinder and housing bore and normally constrained toward the barrel bore, the combination of laterally directed tongue means on the adjacent ends of the tumbler and driver, and tongue receiving positive locking structures in the cylinder and housing bore and in the barrel bore immediately adjacent the confronting ends thereof for positively and selectively seating the tongue means on the reciprocable members.

3. A lock as deiined by claim 2, wherein the tongue means thereof are oppositely directed on both tumbler and driver members.

4. A lock as defined by claim l, wherein oppostely directed vanes are provided on each tumbler and driver member and each bore includes opposed grooves for vane accommodation.

5. A lock as defined by claim 1, wherein oppositely directed vanes are provided on each tumbler and driver member and each bore includes opposed grooves for vane accommodation, the grooves being extended to the adjacent throat ends of the bores to permit reception of the vanes on the tumbler and driver members when projected into the adjacent bore. v

6. A lock as deiined by claim 2, whereinlthe driver and tumbler members thereof are circular in cross-section and the tongue receiving locking structures are of lunar segment character.

'7. In a lool; having a cylinder and a barrel rotatable therein and a housing on the cylinder, the cylinder and housing and the barrel having bores therein which communicate when aligned,

and a driver in the housing bore and normally constrained toward barrel bore reception, the combination of a tumbler reciprocable in the barrel bore and including laterally directed tongue means forming a positive lock on the driver adjacent end, and correspondingly disposed shoulder means in the housing bore, the tumbler being recessed adjacent the tongue means for positive lock housing shoulder means accommodation and the housing bore being recessed adjacent the shoulder means for positive lock tongue means accommodation.

8. A lock as dened by claim '1, wherein the tumbler is circular in cross-section and the housing bore recessed portion is of lunar segmental character.

9. A lock as dened by claim '7, wherein the tumbler and driver each have a vane projecting laterally therefrom and to substantially the same extent and the bores each including a lateral groove therein, said bores and grooves at their adjacent ends communicating when in Ylongitudinal alignment to permit `reception of the vane on the tumbler or driver when projected into the adjacent bore.

10. A lock as defined by claim 7, wherein the laterally directed tongue means are yof dual character and oppositely directed and the `shoulder means is of dual character and oppositely disposed and directed towardseach other, the tumbler being recessed at adjacent sides, and the housing being similarly recessed.

RALPH PAUL CROUSORE. Y 

